Chapter 2: Are Humans Unique?

The perspective that humans are more important or naturally superior to other life forms is called

Anthropocentrism
Unilineal evolution
Uniformitarianism
Egalitarianism

Humans and fruit flies shares about 60 percent of the same core genes.

True
False

An object used to modify the shape, condition, or location of another object is called a

Tool
Artifact
Bludgeon
Ecofact

Different chimpanzee populations have different tool traditions.

True
False

Jane Goodall observed chimpanzees _______________in Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania.

Termite fishing
Swimming
Flinging poo
Using language

No other animals besides chimpanzees and humans are known to use tools.

False
True

One definition of culture is traditions, beliefs, and values that are transmitted through

Learning
The air
Body language
Language

“Imo” the macaque monkey

Began a culture of potato washing among monkeys
Was a chimpanzee who learned American Sign Language
Was a railroad signalman
Was a chimp who learned how to fish for termites

The mutual exchange of favors or goods is called

Reciprocity
Culture
Social hierarchy
Holism

Only humans have reciprocal relationships

False
True

Ayumu out-competes humans

Because they have a higher encephalization quotient
Because chimpanzees have more cortical neurons than humans
In a test of working memory
In a test of cooperation

Jack the baboon was

able to learned American Sign Language
able to wash potatoes
A successful signalman for the railroad
able to hide rocks from zoo-goers

A common test for bodily self-recognition

Involves placing a mark on an animal and seeing how it reacts
Is called the Ayumu test
Is called cultural competence
Is where capuchins reject cucumbers when grapes are available

A behavior noticed in chimpanzees that could indicate bodily self-recognition is

Finger-in-ear behavior
Grass-in-ear behavior
Lip smacking behavior
Use of ocher on fur

One difference between humans and chimpanzees in terms of cooperation is that

Humans cooperate only with people they known closely
Chimps are unable to cooperate
Chimps cooperate on the basis of shared values
Humans often cooperate based on shared ideas or culture

Assigning human qualities is called

The mark test
Anthropomorphizing
Behaviorist paradigm
Reciprocity

In a case where a chimpanzee died, the other chimps

Buried the body
Ignored the body
Began to construct a primitive altar
Gathered in a large group and inspected the body

According to Stephen Asma, animals have emotion

To mourn the dead
Because they learn them from older individuals
But not intelligence
To flee from predators, mate, and care for their young

Jane Goodall regards chimpanzee waterfall displays as

A simple threat-display by male chimpanzees
Sacred monkey trees
An expression of awe and wonder
loaded with symbolism

Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel thinks human intellect is due to the number of neurons in our brain and where they are located rather than sheer size.

True
False