Chapter 2: Are Humans Unique?

The perspective that humans are more important or naturally superior to other life forms is called

Anthropocentrism
Uniformitarianism
Unilineal evolution
Egalitarianism

Humans and fruit flies shares about 60 percent of the same core genes.

True
False

An object used to modify the shape, condition, or location of another object is called a

Tool
Ecofact
Artifact
Bludgeon

Different chimpanzee populations have different tool traditions.

True
False

Jane Goodall observed chimpanzees _______________in Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania.

Swimming
Flinging poo
Termite fishing
Using language

No other animals besides chimpanzees and humans are known to use tools.

True
False

One definition of culture is traditions, beliefs, and values that are transmitted through

Language
The air
Learning
Body language

“Imo” the macaque monkey

Was a chimpanzee who learned American Sign Language
Began a culture of potato washing among monkeys
Was a chimp who learned how to fish for termites
Was a railroad signalman

The mutual exchange of favors or goods is called

Social hierarchy
Holism
Culture
Reciprocity

Only humans have reciprocal relationships

True
False

Ayumu out-competes humans

Because chimpanzees have more cortical neurons than humans
In a test of working memory
Because they have a higher encephalization quotient
In a test of cooperation

Jack the baboon was

able to wash potatoes
able to learned American Sign Language
able to hide rocks from zoo-goers
A successful signalman for the railroad

A common test for bodily self-recognition

Is called the Ayumu test
Is called cultural competence
Is where capuchins reject cucumbers when grapes are available
Involves placing a mark on an animal and seeing how it reacts

A behavior noticed in chimpanzees that could indicate bodily self-recognition is

Grass-in-ear behavior
Finger-in-ear behavior
Lip smacking behavior
Use of ocher on fur

One difference between humans and chimpanzees in terms of cooperation is that

Humans often cooperate based on shared ideas or culture
Chimps are unable to cooperate
Humans cooperate only with people they known closely
Chimps cooperate on the basis of shared values

Assigning human qualities is called

Reciprocity
Behaviorist paradigm
The mark test
Anthropomorphizing

In a case where a chimpanzee died, the other chimps

Gathered in a large group and inspected the body
Buried the body
Ignored the body
Began to construct a primitive altar

According to Stephen Asma, animals have emotion

To flee from predators, mate, and care for their young
To mourn the dead
Because they learn them from older individuals
But not intelligence

Jane Goodall regards chimpanzee waterfall displays as

A simple threat-display by male chimpanzees
loaded with symbolism
Sacred monkey trees
An expression of awe and wonder

Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel thinks human intellect is due to the number of neurons in our brain and where they are located rather than sheer size.

False
True