Chapter 2: Are Humans Unique?

The perspective that humans are more important or naturally superior to other life forms is called

Unilineal evolution
Egalitarianism
Uniformitarianism
Anthropocentrism

Humans and fruit flies shares about 60 percent of the same core genes.

False
True

An object used to modify the shape, condition, or location of another object is called a

Bludgeon
Ecofact
Tool
Artifact

Different chimpanzee populations have different tool traditions.

False
True

Jane Goodall observed chimpanzees _______________in Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania.

Flinging poo
Swimming
Using language
Termite fishing

No other animals besides chimpanzees and humans are known to use tools.

True
False

One definition of culture is traditions, beliefs, and values that are transmitted through

Learning
Language
Body language
The air

“Imo” the macaque monkey

Was a chimp who learned how to fish for termites
Was a chimpanzee who learned American Sign Language
Began a culture of potato washing among monkeys
Was a railroad signalman

The mutual exchange of favors or goods is called

Social hierarchy
Holism
Reciprocity
Culture

Only humans have reciprocal relationships

False
True

Ayumu out-competes humans

Because chimpanzees have more cortical neurons than humans
In a test of cooperation
Because they have a higher encephalization quotient
In a test of working memory

Jack the baboon was

able to wash potatoes
A successful signalman for the railroad
able to learned American Sign Language
able to hide rocks from zoo-goers

A common test for bodily self-recognition

Is called the Ayumu test
Is where capuchins reject cucumbers when grapes are available
Is called cultural competence
Involves placing a mark on an animal and seeing how it reacts

A behavior noticed in chimpanzees that could indicate bodily self-recognition is

Finger-in-ear behavior
Grass-in-ear behavior
Lip smacking behavior
Use of ocher on fur

One difference between humans and chimpanzees in terms of cooperation is that

Humans often cooperate based on shared ideas or culture
Humans cooperate only with people they known closely
Chimps are unable to cooperate
Chimps cooperate on the basis of shared values

Assigning human qualities is called

Behaviorist paradigm
Anthropomorphizing
The mark test
Reciprocity

In a case where a chimpanzee died, the other chimps

Buried the body
Ignored the body
Began to construct a primitive altar
Gathered in a large group and inspected the body

According to Stephen Asma, animals have emotion

Because they learn them from older individuals
To mourn the dead
To flee from predators, mate, and care for their young
But not intelligence

Jane Goodall regards chimpanzee waterfall displays as

A simple threat-display by male chimpanzees
Sacred monkey trees
An expression of awe and wonder
loaded with symbolism

Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel thinks human intellect is due to the number of neurons in our brain and where they are located rather than sheer size.

True
False