Chapter 2: Are Humans Unique?

The perspective that humans are more important or naturally superior to other life forms is called

Anthropocentrism
Egalitarianism
Uniformitarianism
Unilineal evolution

Humans and fruit flies shares about 60 percent of the same core genes.

False
True

An object used to modify the shape, condition, or location of another object is called a

Artifact
Tool
Bludgeon
Ecofact

Different chimpanzee populations have different tool traditions.

True
False

Jane Goodall observed chimpanzees _______________in Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania.

Flinging poo
Termite fishing
Using language
Swimming

No other animals besides chimpanzees and humans are known to use tools.

True
False

One definition of culture is traditions, beliefs, and values that are transmitted through

The air
Body language
Learning
Language

“Imo” the macaque monkey

Began a culture of potato washing among monkeys
Was a chimp who learned how to fish for termites
Was a railroad signalman
Was a chimpanzee who learned American Sign Language

The mutual exchange of favors or goods is called

Social hierarchy
Reciprocity
Holism
Culture

Only humans have reciprocal relationships

True
False

Ayumu out-competes humans

Because chimpanzees have more cortical neurons than humans
In a test of cooperation
Because they have a higher encephalization quotient
In a test of working memory

Jack the baboon was

able to learned American Sign Language
able to hide rocks from zoo-goers
A successful signalman for the railroad
able to wash potatoes

A common test for bodily self-recognition

Involves placing a mark on an animal and seeing how it reacts
Is where capuchins reject cucumbers when grapes are available
Is called the Ayumu test
Is called cultural competence

A behavior noticed in chimpanzees that could indicate bodily self-recognition is

Lip smacking behavior
Grass-in-ear behavior
Use of ocher on fur
Finger-in-ear behavior

One difference between humans and chimpanzees in terms of cooperation is that

Chimps are unable to cooperate
Chimps cooperate on the basis of shared values
Humans often cooperate based on shared ideas or culture
Humans cooperate only with people they known closely

Assigning human qualities is called

Behaviorist paradigm
Reciprocity
Anthropomorphizing
The mark test

In a case where a chimpanzee died, the other chimps

Began to construct a primitive altar
Buried the body
Gathered in a large group and inspected the body
Ignored the body

According to Stephen Asma, animals have emotion

To flee from predators, mate, and care for their young
To mourn the dead
Because they learn them from older individuals
But not intelligence

Jane Goodall regards chimpanzee waterfall displays as

Sacred monkey trees
loaded with symbolism
An expression of awe and wonder
A simple threat-display by male chimpanzees

Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel thinks human intellect is due to the number of neurons in our brain and where they are located rather than sheer size.

False
True