Chapter 2: Are Humans Unique?

The perspective that humans are more important or naturally superior to other life forms is called

Anthropocentrism
Unilineal evolution
Egalitarianism
Uniformitarianism

Humans and fruit flies shares about 60 percent of the same core genes.

False
True

An object used to modify the shape, condition, or location of another object is called a

Tool
Artifact
Ecofact
Bludgeon

Different chimpanzee populations have different tool traditions.

False
True

Jane Goodall observed chimpanzees _______________in Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania.

Swimming
Termite fishing
Using language
Flinging poo

No other animals besides chimpanzees and humans are known to use tools.

True
False

One definition of culture is traditions, beliefs, and values that are transmitted through

Body language
Language
The air
Learning

“Imo” the macaque monkey

Was a chimpanzee who learned American Sign Language
Was a railroad signalman
Began a culture of potato washing among monkeys
Was a chimp who learned how to fish for termites

The mutual exchange of favors or goods is called

Reciprocity
Social hierarchy
Culture
Holism

Only humans have reciprocal relationships

False
True

Ayumu out-competes humans

Because they have a higher encephalization quotient
Because chimpanzees have more cortical neurons than humans
In a test of working memory
In a test of cooperation

Jack the baboon was

able to learned American Sign Language
able to wash potatoes
able to hide rocks from zoo-goers
A successful signalman for the railroad

A common test for bodily self-recognition

Involves placing a mark on an animal and seeing how it reacts
Is where capuchins reject cucumbers when grapes are available
Is called the Ayumu test
Is called cultural competence

A behavior noticed in chimpanzees that could indicate bodily self-recognition is

Use of ocher on fur
Finger-in-ear behavior
Grass-in-ear behavior
Lip smacking behavior

One difference between humans and chimpanzees in terms of cooperation is that

Humans cooperate only with people they known closely
Chimps cooperate on the basis of shared values
Chimps are unable to cooperate
Humans often cooperate based on shared ideas or culture

Assigning human qualities is called

The mark test
Reciprocity
Anthropomorphizing
Behaviorist paradigm

In a case where a chimpanzee died, the other chimps

Began to construct a primitive altar
Buried the body
Gathered in a large group and inspected the body
Ignored the body

According to Stephen Asma, animals have emotion

To mourn the dead
Because they learn them from older individuals
To flee from predators, mate, and care for their young
But not intelligence

Jane Goodall regards chimpanzee waterfall displays as

Sacred monkey trees
An expression of awe and wonder
loaded with symbolism
A simple threat-display by male chimpanzees

Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel thinks human intellect is due to the number of neurons in our brain and where they are located rather than sheer size.

True
False