Chapter 2: Are Humans Unique?

The perspective that humans are more important or naturally superior to other life forms is called

Egalitarianism
Uniformitarianism
Anthropocentrism
Unilineal evolution

Humans and fruit flies shares about 60 percent of the same core genes.

True
False

An object used to modify the shape, condition, or location of another object is called a

Artifact
Bludgeon
Ecofact
Tool

Different chimpanzee populations have different tool traditions.

True
False

Jane Goodall observed chimpanzees _______________in Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania.

Using language
Termite fishing
Flinging poo
Swimming

No other animals besides chimpanzees and humans are known to use tools.

True
False

One definition of culture is traditions, beliefs, and values that are transmitted through

Body language
Learning
The air
Language

“Imo” the macaque monkey

Was a railroad signalman
Was a chimp who learned how to fish for termites
Began a culture of potato washing among monkeys
Was a chimpanzee who learned American Sign Language

The mutual exchange of favors or goods is called

Social hierarchy
Culture
Holism
Reciprocity

Only humans have reciprocal relationships

False
True

Ayumu out-competes humans

In a test of working memory
In a test of cooperation
Because chimpanzees have more cortical neurons than humans
Because they have a higher encephalization quotient

Jack the baboon was

A successful signalman for the railroad
able to learned American Sign Language
able to hide rocks from zoo-goers
able to wash potatoes

A common test for bodily self-recognition

Involves placing a mark on an animal and seeing how it reacts
Is where capuchins reject cucumbers when grapes are available
Is called cultural competence
Is called the Ayumu test

A behavior noticed in chimpanzees that could indicate bodily self-recognition is

Lip smacking behavior
Finger-in-ear behavior
Grass-in-ear behavior
Use of ocher on fur

One difference between humans and chimpanzees in terms of cooperation is that

Chimps cooperate on the basis of shared values
Chimps are unable to cooperate
Humans often cooperate based on shared ideas or culture
Humans cooperate only with people they known closely

Assigning human qualities is called

Anthropomorphizing
The mark test
Behaviorist paradigm
Reciprocity

In a case where a chimpanzee died, the other chimps

Buried the body
Ignored the body
Began to construct a primitive altar
Gathered in a large group and inspected the body

According to Stephen Asma, animals have emotion

To mourn the dead
Because they learn them from older individuals
To flee from predators, mate, and care for their young
But not intelligence

Jane Goodall regards chimpanzee waterfall displays as

Sacred monkey trees
loaded with symbolism
A simple threat-display by male chimpanzees
An expression of awe and wonder

Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel thinks human intellect is due to the number of neurons in our brain and where they are located rather than sheer size.

False
True