Chapter 2: Are Humans Unique?

The perspective that humans are more important or naturally superior to other life forms is called

Egalitarianism
Unilineal evolution
Anthropocentrism
Uniformitarianism

Humans and fruit flies shares about 60 percent of the same core genes.

False
True

An object used to modify the shape, condition, or location of another object is called a

Artifact
Bludgeon
Ecofact
Tool

Different chimpanzee populations have different tool traditions.

False
True

Jane Goodall observed chimpanzees _______________in Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania.

Using language
Termite fishing
Swimming
Flinging poo

No other animals besides chimpanzees and humans are known to use tools.

False
True

One definition of culture is traditions, beliefs, and values that are transmitted through

The air
Learning
Body language
Language

“Imo” the macaque monkey

Began a culture of potato washing among monkeys
Was a chimpanzee who learned American Sign Language
Was a railroad signalman
Was a chimp who learned how to fish for termites

The mutual exchange of favors or goods is called

Holism
Reciprocity
Culture
Social hierarchy

Only humans have reciprocal relationships

False
True

Ayumu out-competes humans

Because chimpanzees have more cortical neurons than humans
In a test of cooperation
Because they have a higher encephalization quotient
In a test of working memory

Jack the baboon was

able to learned American Sign Language
able to hide rocks from zoo-goers
A successful signalman for the railroad
able to wash potatoes

A common test for bodily self-recognition

Is called cultural competence
Is called the Ayumu test
Involves placing a mark on an animal and seeing how it reacts
Is where capuchins reject cucumbers when grapes are available

A behavior noticed in chimpanzees that could indicate bodily self-recognition is

Lip smacking behavior
Use of ocher on fur
Grass-in-ear behavior
Finger-in-ear behavior

One difference between humans and chimpanzees in terms of cooperation is that

Chimps cooperate on the basis of shared values
Humans often cooperate based on shared ideas or culture
Humans cooperate only with people they known closely
Chimps are unable to cooperate

Assigning human qualities is called

Behaviorist paradigm
Anthropomorphizing
The mark test
Reciprocity

In a case where a chimpanzee died, the other chimps

Began to construct a primitive altar
Ignored the body
Gathered in a large group and inspected the body
Buried the body

According to Stephen Asma, animals have emotion

To flee from predators, mate, and care for their young
But not intelligence
To mourn the dead
Because they learn them from older individuals

Jane Goodall regards chimpanzee waterfall displays as

A simple threat-display by male chimpanzees
Sacred monkey trees
loaded with symbolism
An expression of awe and wonder

Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel thinks human intellect is due to the number of neurons in our brain and where they are located rather than sheer size.

False
True